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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 20 May 1955

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by law school dean and professor William T. Muse on May 20, 1955, begins with the question:

  A, aged 12, threw a stone at a playmate. The stone missed its mark and went in the direction of B, a bystander. B, in dodging the stone, inadvertently bumped into C, another bystander. C, thinking B was attacking him, struck B and knocked him unconscious. What are the rights, if any, of B and C?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Quiz, 4 Nov 1955

  University of Richmond

  This Torts quiz, given by law school dean and professor William T. Muse on November 4, 1955, consists of a single question:

  A, aged 12, reaches through a fence and picks up a stone from B's land and throws it at C, a playmate. The stone missed its mark and went in the direction of, a bystander. D, in dodging the stone, inadvertently bumped into E, knocking from E's grasp a costly vase belonging to F which was being carried by E. E, thinking D was attacking him, struck D knocking him unconscious. What torts, if any, have been committed? Against whom? By whom? Why or why not?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 20 May 1954

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by law school dean and professor William T. Muse on May 20, 1954, begins with the question:

  A shoots at B intending to kill him. The bullet misses B and strikes and destroys a costly vase belonging to C which is being carried by D. B was not aware of the incident until some time later. D was greatly startled but not in fear of harm, and he was in no wise physically injured. What, if any, is A's liability? Why? Why not?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 30 May 1953

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by law school dean and professor William T. Muse on May 30, 1953, begins with the following question:

  A returns from the war and meets his former fiance, B, who has thrown him over. He begins by saying: "You two-timing slut". She slaps his face and then has hysterics. A shakes her to bring her out of what seems to be a fit, when C, her current passion, coming around tho corner, sees the tableau and knocks A down. B becomes ill and A dies, an old wound having been opened by C's blow. What are the liabilities?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 28 May 1952

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by law school dean and professor William T. Muse on May 28, 1952, begins with the question:

  H, the divorced husband of W, entered W's house unannounced, found her and their child C, a boy of 11 years, together in the library, closed the door and said: "You are not fit to be a mother. I know you have been hanging around with that bum and I am taking my child out of this. Now don't scream and don't try calling your mother." Whereupon H snatched C away from W and carried him off. W later recovered the custody of C, but the incident caused her intense mental distress, humiliation and resentment. Discuss H's possible tort liabilities.

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 23 May 1951

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by law school dean and professor William T. Muse on May 23, 1951, begins with the question:

  A came to B's house carrying a portrait of B's old enemy, X. When B opened the door, A showed him the portrait, and B spit on it. A drew it back quickly in an unsuccessful attempt to protect it, and struck and injured C, A's wife, who had accompanied him. A then attacked B, knocked him down inside the house, and grappled with him on the floor. C stepped inside, closed and bolted the door to prevent neighbors from interfering and helped A subdue B. As soon as B had been subdued, A and C left, taking with them the portrait, which had been ruined in the scuffle. What torts have been committed?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 23 May 1950

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by law school dean and professor William T. Muse on May 23, 1950, begins with the question:

  Flourishing a revolver, A pursues B into a crowded store. As A's finger tightens on the trigger, B sinks to the floor so that the bullet strikes C, who is directly behind B. Then B moves quickly behind D, who is struck by the next bullet. B then picks up a silver tray belonging to the storekeeper, using it as a shield. The third bullet pierces the tray but is diverted from B, who then throws a paperweight at A. The weight misses A but knocks off E's hat. For what, if anything, is B liable?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 24 May 1949

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by law school dean and professor William T. Muse on May 24, 1949, begins with the question:

  Exploring his newly purchased farm, A, mistakenly thinking he is on his own land, picks wild blueberries on the land of his neighbor B. The latter, who at other points on his land had placed signs inviting the public to enter, sees A, whom he dislikes, and coming up behind him, seizes the pail in which are the berries A has picked, pours out the berries on the ground, stamps on the pail and tells A to "get out". A, still believing he is on his own land, resists and knocks B down. What liabilities, inter se? Why or why not?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 17 May 1948

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by law school dean and professor William T. Muse on May 17, 1948, begins with the question:

  A's valuable dog, which was well-known in the neighborhood, snatched up B's fur neckpiece and ran toward C's chicken yard. B and her husband, D, chased the dog onto C's land. C was sitting on his porch in a wheelchair and, fearing that the dog would kill his chickens, discharged both barrels of his shotgun at the dog, killing the dog and frightening D. C then pointed the gun at D and threatened to shoot him if he moved. B had gone out of sight in another direction to head off the dog. But, hearing the shots, B returned and was terrified to find C pointing the gun at her husband. Later B became hysterical and for months suffered from loss of weight and a nervous, run-down condition. After a few minutes C ordered D and B off his land but forbade them to pick up the neckpiece. What are the liabilities, if any, of all the parties?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 13 May 1947

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by Professor William T. Muse on May 13, 1947, begins with the question:

  A, a stranger, while walking near B's barn over B's open and unfenced fields, heard loud cries. He ran into the barn where he found B lying on the floor and C threatening D with a gun. A struck at C with a pitchfork. D, who with B and C had been rehearsing their parts in a melodrama, rushed at A as soon as he saw what was happening in order to prevent serious harm to C. In the ensuing struggle A stepped back onto a trapdoor with defective hinges and fell into the manure cellar. Despite A's cries that he could find no way out, B, C and D left without letting down a ladder. After feeling around in the dark, A finally made his escape through a door. What torts, if any, have been committed?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts II Exam, 28 Aug 1947

  University of Richmond

  This Torts II exam, given by Professor Malcolm Ray Doubles on August 28, 1947, begins with the question:

  Hiram Isbell Ignatious, a street cleaner in Hillsdale, a city of 20,000 population, recovered from a severe case of typhoid fever, but was thereafter ascertained to be a typhoid carrier. Gabby, a newcomer to Hillsdale and stenographer at the hospital, somewhat familiar with the record, the name, and the facts, but not knowing the patient nor his occupation, made the following statement to a group of her friends at a bridge party: "One of our former patients, H. I. Ignatious, has just been declared a typhoid carrier. Poor fellow, I feel sorry for him." As a result, several of the women who heard the remark stopped buying milk from the Star Dairy, owned and operated by Horatio Ichabod Ignatious, and he was so shunned at the Country Club that he was forced to resign through humiliation. Discuss Gabby's liability, if any.

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts II Exam, 29 Aug 1946

  University of Richmond

  This Torts II exam, given by Professor Malcolm Ray Doubles on August 29, 1946, begins with the question:

  Mr. and Mrs. Smith of Shady Grove, Va. have two children, Robert, age 23, and Virginia, age 20. Virginia was in love with Roland Rowe, age 22, who had had dates with her for several years. Robert was inducted into the Army in January 1945, and was stationed in California until his separation in April 1946. During this interval he prepared many private phonograph recordings of his life in the Army and sent these back home in lieu of letters. In October 1945, Roland Rowe married Mabel Snow of Shady Grove; and in November 1945 was inducted into the Army, and was likewise stationed in California until April 1946. In December 1945, not knowing of Roland's marriage to Mabel, and confident that Roland was the groom in a bridal couple he had seen leave a church in California, Robert included the following erroneous statement on one of his recordings ''Well Sis, you can forget about Roland; I just saw him with his newly acquired California bride today. What a pain in the neck she was to look at." At a New Year's Eve party given by the Smiths at their home in Shady Grove, many of Robert's recordings were played for the entertainment of the guests, including the one which contained the above statement. In May 1946, Roland instituted an action of damages against Robert and Mr. Smith. What judgment.

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts II Exam, 8 Mar 1946

  University of Richmond

  This Torts II exam, given by Professor William T. Muse on March 8, 1946, begins with the question:

  A, employed as manager of the crew of an armored money truck, was riding on the outside of the truck straddling the left front fender, with one foot on the bumper and holding himself on by grasping the radiator cap. He had just been attempting to repair the mechanical signal device. B, whose car was parked on the side of the road, without looking back and without giving a warning signal, as required by statute, pulled out into the traveled part of the highway and collided with the right front bumper of the money truck. A was thrown off, sustaining injuries. Had the driver of the truck been on the alert he could have avoided the collision, but a sudden swerving might have thrown A off. A city ordinance provided: "No person shall, when riding, allow any part of the body to project beyond the limits of the vehicle, except when signalling with the arm, nor shall any person hang on to any vehicle. Discuss B' s liability to A.

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Agency Exam, 22 May 1945

  University of Richmond

  This Agency exam, given by Professor James H. Barnett, Jr. on May 22, 1945, begins with the question:

  P authorized A to buy certain automobile accessories, but cautioned him to conceal the name of the purchaser. A negotiated such a contract with T concealing P's name. T declined to enter into the contract until he was assured that the real party was neither A nor P. If A refuses to accept the goods, against whom does T have remedy? What will be the ultimate result of T's actions or action, in case P has paid to A the full purchase price with orders to pay T?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts I Exam, 6 Nov 1945

  University of Richmond

  This Torts I exam, given by Professor William T. Muse on November 6, 1945, begins with the question:

  On Halloween night a group of boys pick up a plank lying on A's land and place it on B's land. The next morning A discovers it on B's land and retrieves it. As he is leaving, he sees B and accuses him of having taken it. B resentfully knocks A down. Thereupon A draws a knife and pursues B who runs across C's land. A comes within striking distance of B who thereupon picks up C's cane and breaks it over A's head. Discuss the liabilities of all the parties.

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Contracts II Exam, 22 May 1944

  University of Richmond

  This Contracts II exam, given by Professor Malcolm Ray Doubles on May 22, 1944, begins with the question:

  On January 2, 1940, a decree of divorce was entered dissolving the marriage of' H and W, the decree providing that neither party should marry for two years. Thereafter H became very fond of F but he explained to her the particulars of the previous divorce decree, As a result of indiscreet intercourse with H, F became pregnant during the summer of 1940, and upon learning of it H immediately promised to marry her as soon as he could lawfully do so. A child X was born to F on April 1, 1941. On January 3, 1942, H married G, and as a result F committed suicide one month later. A suit against H was immediately instituted by X, through a next friend appointed by the court, to recover $25,000 damages for breach of contract. What judgment?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Criminal Law Exam, 24 Jan 1944

  University of Richmond

  This Criminal Law exam, given by Professor Malcolm Ray Doubles on January 24, 1944, begins with the question:

  John Jones, very annoyed over the playing of some 7 and 8 year old children, threw a stone at them to drive them from the front of his premises, the stone just missing Henry Jackson. Henry told his mother about the incident, and at 10 P.M. the same day when Mr. Jackson returned home, his wife related Henry's story. Enraged over the incident, Jackson took a horse whip, went over to the Jones home and seeing a light on in the basement, opened the outside basement door, walked in and said: "Is your name Jones?" -- to which William Jones, bachelor brother of John Jones replied: "Yes" -- whereupon Jackson lashed at him with the whip, the whip slipping from his grasp , sailing across the basement and the thick handle thereof striking Mrs. Jones in the temple. Jackson, cursing his luck and still enraged, picked up a heavy cane belonging to William Jones and hit him over the head three or four times, finally leaving and saying: "That will teach you to pick on children." On the way home and while crossing a bridge, realizing that he still had the cane he threw it in the river, uttering an oath about its owner. Mrs. Jones, the wife of John Jones, and William Jones both died as a result of the blows received. What crimes are reasonably suggested by this record, and could convictions be had therefor?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Legal Profession Exam, 17 Jan 1944

  University of Richmond

  This Legal Profession exam, given by Professor Malcolm Ray Doubles on January 17, 1944, begins with the question:

  A statute provided that any person whose application was endorsed by two members of the bar and who passed the state bar examination should be entitled to practice law in the State. Lawler complied with these requirements but the Circuit Court in which he first sought to be admitted refused his admission upon a finding that Lawler kept intimate company with prostitutes and professional gamblers. Lawler appealed from this decision on the grounds that he had complied with the statute and was therefor entitled to admission. What judgment ?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Personal Property Exam, 25 May 1944

  University of Richmond

  This Personal Property exam, given by Professor James H. Barnett, Jr. on May 25, 1944, begins with the following question:

  B, an employee of the City of Richmond, found a valuable diamond ring while repairing a sewer in the city. B lost it and three months later C found it in April 1936. C made inquiries about the owner, then giving up hope of finding him, pledged the ring to D for a loan of $50.00 in May 1939, D believing that C was the owner. In May 1940 D repledged the ring with E for $75. The ring at all times had a value of $100.00. (a) In March 1944 C consults you as to his rights and remedies, if any, against E. Advise him fully. (b) Suppose that in March 1944 B had consulted you as to his remedies and rights, if any, against E. What would you have advised him?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts I Exam, 22 Jan 1943

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by Professor William T. Muse, is two pages long. The date, January 22, 1943, was cut out of the first page, but showed through from the second page when stapled together. The exam begins with this question:

  A lives in a house 25 feet from B's house. In B' s absence, A sees that a fire has started in B's kitchen. Searching for tools in the garage of C, a neighbor, A finds an axe and a fire extinguisher. He chops down the door of B' s house and extinguishes the blaze with the contents of C' s fire extinguisher. Under what liability, if any, is A?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 14 May 1942

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by Professor William T. Muse on May 14, 1942, begins with the question:

  Adie, desiring to repair the roof of his house, asks Buck for the loan of his ladder. Buck agrees. Adie goes on Buck 's land and takes a ladder which resembles Buck's but which belongs to Cole and which Buck had borrowed the day before. While Adie is on the roof, Cole sees his ladder and takes and carries it home. Adie, having completed the repairs, attempts to descend but, finding no ladder, remains on the roof for an hour thinking his children have removed the ladder temporarily and will return it. Becoming worried, he jumps to the ground, a distance of fifteen feet, uninjured. What is the liability, if and, of Adie, Buck, and Cole?

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Contracts I Exam, 27 Jan 1940

  University of Richmond

  This exam, given by Professor Malcolm Ray Doubles on January 27, 1940, begins with the question:

  1st: 9 A.M. S in California posts an offer to Bin N.Y. offering to sell a horse. (The terms satisfying the requirements of an offer.) B received this offer on the 4th at 9 A.M.)

  1st. 2 P.M. B in New York posts an offer to S in California offering to buy the same horse on the same terms set out in S's offer. S recieved this offer on the 4th at 2 P.M.

  3rd. 5 P.M. S posts via air-mail a revocation of his offer. B receives it on the 5th at 2 P.M.

  5th. Noon. S posts via air mail an acceptance of B's offer. B receives it on the 7th at 11 A.M.

  5th. 1 P.M. B telegraphs an acceptance of S's offer. S received it on the 8th at 1 P.M., due to delay in transmission.

  7th. 9. A.M. S telegraphs a rejection of B's offer. B received it on the 7th at 10 A.M.

  Discuss the effect of these communications upon the formation of a contract.

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 13 Jul 1940

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by Professor William T. Muse on July 13, 1940, begins with the question:

  D, a dentist, gave P, a patient, gas to extract a certain wisdom tooth. D made a mistake and had his pliers on another tooth when P, still under the influence of the gas, leaped from the chair and ran amuck, breaking $5 worth of dental equipment. D, to protect himself from bodily injury, and his dental equipment from further damage, pushed P through an open window, 4 feet above the lawn. P landed on C's flower bed, breaking his own arm and destroying $3 worth of C's flowers. Discuss the rights of D, P, and C.

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts Exam, 22 May 1940

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam is one of two given by Professor William T. Muse on May 22, 1940. It, like the other, begins with the following question:

  A enters B's land to rescue from a barbed wire fence a stray dog which was caught thereon. Seeing him there, B orders him from the land and, upon A' s refusal to leave, B threatens to hit him with an ax which he has in his hand. A thereupon draws a revolver with which he threatens to shoot B. B retaliates by throwing the ax at A. The ax misses A but strikes C who, unseen by both A and B, has come up to try to settle the difficulty. Discuss the liability of A and B.

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  T. C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond: Torts I Exam, 22 May 1940

  University of Richmond

  This Torts exam, given by Professor William T. Muse on May 22, 1940, begins with the question:

  A enters B's land to rescue from a barbed wire fence a stray dog which was caught thereon. Seeing him there, B orders him from the land and, upon A' s refusal to leave, B threatens to hit him with an ax which he has in his hand. A thereupon draws a revolver with which he threatens to shoot B. B retaliates by throwing the ax at A. The ax misses A but strikes C who, unseen by both A and B, has come up to try to settle the difficulty. Discuss the liability of A and B.