DOI

10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107105

Abstract

Objectives

Psychosocial risk or work-related hazard can lead to harmful individual and organizational outcomes. This study used 2023 data collected in compliance with Mexico’s NOM-035-STPS-2018 regulation to characterize overall psychosocial risk by sex, generation, industry, and explore domain-specific psychosocial risk by industry.

Methods

Frequencies (n) and percentages (%) were reported to describe the distribution of psychosocial risk. Significant difference testing was done with the chi-square statistic to test for differences in overall psychosocial risk by risk factor (α < 0.05).

Results

Data from 58,994 employees from 67 organizations operating in Mexico that implemented NOM-035-STPS-2018 in 2023 were included. Approximately 27% of the sample had high or very high overall psychosocial risk. Males had significantly higher psychosocial risk than females (28.3% vs 25.5%, p < 0.05) and there was no difference in psychosocial risk by generation. The construction, energy, and manufacturing industry had the highest level of psychosocial risk for lack of control over work (29.8%), leadership (20.5%), violence (12.8%), performance recognition (12.3%), working conditions (13.0%), and work relationships (3.5%) relative to the other four industry categories.

Conclusions

NOM-035 presents a unique opportunity to explore psychosocial risk in Mexico’s employees. In 2023, there was no difference in psychosocial risk by generation, and psychosocial risk was highest in workers of blue-collar industries. More research is needed to further explore these associations to inform interventions for employers and regulatory bodies.

Document Type

Article

Publisher Statement

© 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Publication Date

4-2026

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