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  [Introduction to] Why is English Literature? Language and Letters for the Twenty-First Century

  Thomas Paul Bonfiglio

  Why is English synonymous with literature in the United States? At the turn of the twentieth century, literature courses were taught in the original language, and English did not signify literature any more than did French, Italian, or other modern languages. Fifty years later, English had colonized literature, and non-English literatures became configured as "foreign language study." This timely and important intervention into an on-going debate shows how the multilingual population of American faculty and students became progressively more monoglot, as did the configuration of literary studies. Thomas Paul Bonfiglio locates these changes within the anti-immigration, xenophobic, anti-labor, mercantile, militarist, and technocratic ideologies that arose in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century and recommends the return of literary studies and the humanities to their roots.

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  [Introduction to] Political Aid and Arab Activism: Democracy Promotion, Justice and Representation

  Sheila Carapico

  What does it mean to promote “transitions to democracy” in the Middle East? How have North American, European, and multilateral projects advanced human rights, authoritarian retrenchment, or Western domination? This book examines transnational programs in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Yemen, Lebanon, Tunisia, Algeria, the exceptional cases of Palestine and Iraq, and the Arab region at large during two tumultuous decades. To understand the controversial and contradictory effects of political aid, Sheila Carapico analyzes discursive and professional practices in four key subfields: the rule of law, electoral design and monitoring, women's political empowerment, and civil society. From the institutional arrangements for extraordinary undertakings such as Saddam Hussein's trial or Palestinian elections to routine templates for national women's machineries or NGO networks, her research explores the paradoxes and jurisdictional disputes confronted by Arab activists for justice, representation, and “non-governmental” agency.

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  [Introduction to] Leadership Ethics

  Joanne B. Ciulla, Mary Uhl-Bien, and Patricia H. Werhane

  Research into the topic of leadership ethics has grown and evolved gradually over the past few decades. This timely set arrives at an important moment in the subject's history. In a relatively new field, such a collection offers scholars more than articles on a topic; it also serves to outline the parameters of the field. Carefully structured over three volumes, the material runs through an understanding of the key philosophic and practical questions in leadership ethics along with a wide range of literature - from disciplines including philosophy, business and political science, to name a few- that speaks to these questions.

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  [Chapter 1 from] The Power of Invisible Leadership: How a Compelling Common Purpose Inspires Exceptional Leadership

  Gill Robinson Hickman and Georgia J. Sorenson

  A powerful force draws people to leadership in countless businesses, nonprofits, government agencies, and social movements—we call it invisible leadership. Invisible leadership embodies situations in which dedication to a compelling and deeply held common purpose is the motivating force for leadership. Common purpose is more than a mission statement. It is a profound sense of common destiny, a life course or calling, aligned with a mission that resonates profoundly with our values and our sense of ourselves and others.

  This readable, research-based book shows readers how invisible leadership exists in the space between leaders and followers, artists and subjects, and purposes and people. Rather than reinforcing the idea that leadership is embodied in celebrity leaders or in gifted and charismatic individuals, the well known and highly admired authors of this insightful new book identify “charisma of purpose” as the motivating force for invisible leadership. A brief discussion of how invisible leadership impacts businesses, nonprofits, government agencies, and social movements guides the reader toward an understanding of the antecedents and possibilities of this way of thinking.

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  From the Renaissance to the Modern World: A Tribute to John M. Headley

  Peter Kaufman

  On November 11 and 12, 2011, a symposium held at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill honored John M. Headley, Emeritus Professor of History. The organizers, Professor Melissa Bullard—Headley’s colleague in the department of history at that university—along with Professors Paul Grendler (University of Toronto) and James Weiss (Boston College), as well as Nancy Gray Schoonmaker, coordinator of the Program in Medieval and Early Modern Studies—assembled presenters, respondents, and dozens of other participants from Western Europe and North America to celebrate the career of their prolific, versatile, and influential colleague whose publications challenged and often changed the ways scholars think about Martin Luther, Thomas More, the Habsburg empire, early modern Catholicism, globalization, and multiculturalism.

  This special issue contains the major papers delivered at the symposium, revised to take account of colleagues’ suggestions at the conference and thereafter. John O’Malley studies the censorship of sacred art with special reference to Michelangelo’s famed “Last Judgment” and the Council of Trent. John Martin sifts Montaigne’s skepticism about contemporaneous strategies for self-disclosure and self-discipline. Stressing the significance of grammar, Constantin Fasolt helps us recapture the Renaissance’s and the early modern religious reformations’ disagreements with antiquity. Ronald Witt’s reappraisal of humanist historiography probes Petrarch’s perspectives on ancient Rome. John McManamon includes tales of theft and market manipulation in his study of the early modern collection and circulation of books and manuscripts, the commodification of study. To “nuance” John Headley’s conclusions about “the Europeanization of the world,” Jerry Bentley repossesses the influence of other than European societies on several European theorists of human rights. Kate Lowe’s remarks on the reconstruction of race in the Renaissance explores the effects of a critical mistranslation on what being black was taken to mean by Europeans. David Gilmartin introduces readers to the shape of democracy in nineteenth- and twentieth-century India, as well as to the understandings of popular sovereignty that affected elections, suggesting strides that scholars might take “toward a worldwide history of voting”.

  The remarkable range of these contributions comes close to reflecting the range of Professor Headley’s interests and achievements, which James M. Weiss maps in his tribute, identifying “unifying themes” in Headley’s work.

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  [Introduction to] Leadership and Elizabethan Culture

  Peter Iver Kaufman

  Bringing together contributions from political, cultural, and literary historians, Leadership and Elizabethan Culture identifies distinctive problems confronting early modern English government during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.

  This diverse group of contributors examines local elites and church leadership, explores the queen, her councillors, as well as her struggles with Mary Stuart and Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, raises questions about Elizabeth's leadership, and the advice she received as well as the advice she rejected.

  Selected, influential works by Shakespeare, Marlowe, Jonson, Sidney, and Bacon are put in their Elizabethan and contemporary critical contexts, rounding off the study of Elizabethan culture and projecting forward to the images of leadership that form a conspicuous part of the Elizabethan legacy.

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  [Introduction to] Religion Around Shakespeare

  Peter Iver Kaufman

  For years scholars and others have been trying to out Shakespeare as an ardent Calvinist, a crypto-Catholic, a Puritan-baiter, a secularist, or a devotee of some hybrid faith. In Religion Around Shakespeare, Peter Kaufman sets aside such speculation in favor of considering the historical and religious context surrounding his work. Employing extensive archival research, he aims to assist literary historians who probe the religious discourses, characters, and events that seem to have found places in Shakespeare’s plays and to aid general readers or playgoers developing an interest in the plays’ and playwright’s religious contexts: Catholic, conformist, and reformist. Kaufman argues that sermons preached around Shakespeare and conflicts that left their marks on literature, law, municipal chronicles, and vestry minutes enlivened the world in which (and with which) he worked and can enrich our understanding of the playwright and his plays.

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  [Introduction to] Global Climate Change: Turning Knowledge into Action

  David E. Kitchen

  The science of climate change is a complex subject that balances the physical record and scientific fact with politics, policy, and ethics—and is of particular importance to the geosciences. This thoughtfully crafted new text and accompanying media encourage non-science majors to practice critical thinking, analysis, and discourse about climate change themes. Taking a cross-disciplinary approach, acclaimed educator and researcher, David Kitchen, examines not only the physical science, but the social, economic, political, energy, and environmental issues surrounding climate change. His goal: to turn knowledge into action, equipping students with the knowledge and critical skills to make informed decisions, separate facts from fiction, and participate in the public debate.

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  [Chapter 1 from] The Faithful Scribe: A Story of Islam, Pakistan, Family, and War

  Shahan Mufti

  A journalist explores his family’s history to reveal the hybrid cultural and political landscape of Pakistan, the world’s first Islamic democracy. Shahan Mufti’s family history, which he can trace back fourteen hundred years to the inner circle of the prophet Muhammad, offers an enlightened perspective on the mystifying history of Pakistan. Mufti uses the stories of his ancestors, many of whom served as judges and jurists in Muslim sharia courts of South Asia for many centuries, to reveal the deepest roots—real and imagined—of Islamic civilization in Pakistan.

  More than a personal history, The Faithful Scribe captures the larger story of the world’s first Islamic democracy, and explains how the state that once promised to bridge Islam and the West is now threatening to crumble under historical and political pressure, and why Pakistan’s destiny matters to us all.

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  [Introduction to] F.A. Hayek and the Modern Economy: Economic Organization and Activity

  Sandra J. Peart and David M. Levy

  What is the role of human agency in Friedrich Hayek's thought? This volume situates Hayek's writing as it relates to economic organization and activity, particularly to assess what role Hayek assigns to leaders in determining economic progress. Peart and Levy explore the scope for policy makers leading the economy through crisis, how much agency policy makers should assume, and the leadership role that economists should legitimately play in the development and implementation of new economic policy.
  
  Hayek held that economists should take center stage in terms of advocating economic policy but his was a quite different sort of advocacy. He disagreed with some of his contemporaries on what economic policies were best suited to promote economic expansion and stability, seeing economic aggregation as fraught with methodological difficulties and, therefore, that no scientist or policy maker had the wherewithal to direct market transactions. The volume examines the nature of these disagreements along with a number of other themes that characterize Hayek's lifelong work.

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  [Chapter 1 from] Welfare and Party Politics in Latin America

  Jennifer Pribble

  Systems of social protection can provide crucial assistance to the poorest and most vulnerable groups in society, but not all systems are created equally. In Latin America, social policies have historically exhibited large gaps in coverage and high levels of inequality in benefit size. Since the late 1990s, countries in this region have begun to grapple with these challenges, enacting a series of reforms to healthcare, social assistance and education policy. While some of these initiatives have moved in a universal direction, others have maintained existing segmentation or moved in a regressive direction. Welfare and Party Politics in Latin America explores this variation in Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela, finding that the design of previous policies, the intensity of electoral competition, and the character of political parties all influence the nature of contemporary social policy reform in Latin America.

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  [Introduction to] 7 Lenses: Learning the Principles and Practices of Ethical Leadership

  Linda Fisher Thornton

  7 Lenses is a clear, actionable and holistic road map for leading ethically in a complex world. With a foreword by Stephen M. R. Covey, this book takes us beyond the triple bottom line to 7 different perspectives on ethical leadership, and provides 14 Guiding Principles that help us honor them all in daily leadership. It answers: Why do even the ethics experts disagree about what ethical leadership means? What is the bigger picture that we should use as our leadership road map? What are the business benefits of intentionally using high-level ethical leadership? What can we do to prepare for the future of ethical leadership? The examples, graphics, cases and questions provide a learning framework for deeply engaging constituents and building trust for the long term.

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  [Introduction to] Aprendices, fabriqueras y obreros: El trabajo industrial en la narrativa argentina del siglo XX (1930-2007)

  Karina Elizabeth Vázquez

  El tema central de este libro es la relación entre trabajo, literatura y cultura tal como ésta aparece representada en las figuraciones literarias del trabajo industrial. No obstante, la propuesta analítica de la autora va más allá de los aspectos narratológicos de los textos estudiados e indaga el conjunto de discursos socioculturales y políticos sobre la historia argentina de los últimos setenta años con los cuales los discursos literarios y críticos han estado en continuo diálogo. Las experiencias de ascenso social, el ingreso masivo de las mujeres al mercado de trabajo, la incorporación de los asalariados al escenario político, el peronismo, la resistencia, la militancia de los 70, la represión sistemática, las derrotas políticas e ideológicas, los años de neoliberalismo y las crisis de representación con que se abre el 2000, son los vértices de procesos de reajustes ideológicos y culturales que reconfiguran tanto los sistemas simbólicos asociados a lo laboral, como aquellos que constituyen el campo literario. Tomando en consideración los cambios en la función social de las normas estéticas, este libro da cuenta de estos reajustes y los desfases entre los sistemas simbólicos desde la perspectiva de la crítica literaria, y se enfoca en un tema infrecuente y poco sistematizado hasta ahora en los estudios críticos literarios: el carácter vital y espiritual del trabajo en la reproducción material de la sociedad.

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  [Chapter 1 from] Hollow Justice: A History of Indigenous Claims in the United States

  David E. Wilkins

  This book, the first of its kind, comprehensively explores Native American claims against the United States government over the past two centuries. Despite the federal government's multiple attempts to redress indigenous claims, a close examination reveals that even when compensatory programs were instituted, native peoples never attained a genuine sense of justice. David E. Wilkins addresses the important question of what one nation owes another when the balance of rights, resources, and responsibilities have been negotiated through treaties. How does the United States assure that guarantees made to tribal nations, whether through a century old treaty or a modern day compact, remain viable and lasting?

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  [Introduction to] The Navajo Political Experience

  David E. Wilkins

  Native nations, like the Navajo nation, have proven to be remarkably adept at retaining and exercising ever-increasing amounts of self-determination even when faced with powerful external constraints and limited resources. Now in this fourth edition of David E. Wilkins' The Navajo Political Experience, political developments of the last decade are discussed and analyzed comprehensively, and with as much accessibility as thoroughness and detail. The Diné people and their governing leaders have recently experienced a host of events that dramatically affected the shape of the nation—a plethora of effective grassroots organizations that had a profound impact on the structure of the Navajo political system, a dramatic reduction in the size of the legislative branch from eighty-eight to twenty-four members, the introduction of institutional gambling, unresolved battles over water rights, and a tense political crisis that pitted the legislative branch against the judicial branch as the court sought to ensure that the Fundamental Law was to be adhered to by all governing bodies. These and other developments are examined in this new edition, which includes three new appendices which add to the book's value as a classroom tool and a primary source.

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  [Introduction to] Racism in the Nation's Service: Government Workers and the Color Line in Woodrow Wilson's America

  Eric S. Yellin

  Between the 1880s and 1910s, thousands of African Americans passed civil service exams and became employed in the executive offices of the federal government. However, by 1920, promotions to well-paying federal jobs had nearly vanished for black workers. Eric S. Yellin argues that the Wilson administration's successful 1913 drive to segregate the federal government was a pivotal episode in the age of progressive politics. Yellin investigates how the enactment of this policy, based on Progressives' demands for whiteness in government, imposed a color line on American opportunity and implicated Washington in the economic limitation of African Americans for decades to come.

  Using vivid accounts of the struggles and protests of African American government employees, Yellin reveals the racism at the heart of the era's reform politics. He illuminates the nineteenth-century world of black professional labor and social mobility in Washington, D.C., and uncovers the Wilson administration's progressive justifications for unraveling that world. From the hopeful days following emancipation to the white-supremacist "normalcy" of the 1920s, Yellin traces the competing political ideas, politicians, and ordinary government workers who created "federal segregation."

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  [Introduction to] Plato, Aristotle, and the Purpose of Politics

  Kevin M. Cherry

  In this book, Kevin M. Cherry compares the views of Plato and Aristotle about the practice, study, and, above all, the purpose of politics. The first scholar to place Aristotle's Politics in sustained dialogue with Plato's Statesman, Cherry argues that Aristotle rejects the view of politics advanced by Plato's Eleatic Stranger, contrasting them on topics such as the proper categorization of regimes, the usefulness and limitations of the rule of law, and the proper understanding of phronēsis. The various differences between their respective political philosophies, however, reflect a more fundamental difference in how they view the relationship of human beings to the natural world around them. Reading the Politics in light of the Statesman sheds new light on Aristotle's political theory and provides a better understanding of Aristotle's criticism of Socrates. Most importantly, it highlights an enduring and important question: Should politics have as its primary purpose the preservation of life, or should it pursue the higher good of living well?

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  [Introduction to] Believing and Acting: The Pragmatic Turn in Comparative Religion and Ethics

  G. Scott Davis

  How should religion and ethics be studied if we want to understand what people believe and why they act the way they do? In the 1980s and '90s postmodernist worries about led to debates that turned on power, truth, and relativism. Since the turn of the century scholars impressed by 'cognitive science' have introduced concepts drawn from evolutionary biology, neurosciences, and linguistics in the attempt to provide 'naturalist' accounts of religion. Deploying concepts and arguments that have their roots in the pragmatism of C. S. Peirce, Believing and Acting argues that both approaches are misguided and largely unhelpful in answering the questions that matter: What did those people believe then? How does it relate to what these people want to do now? What is our evidence for our interpretations? Pragmatic inquiry into these questions recommends an approach that questions grand theories, advocates a critical pluralism about religion and ethics that defies disciplinary boundaries in the pursuit of the truth. Rationality, on a pragmatic approach, is about solving particular problems in medias res, thus there is no hard and fast line to be drawn between inquiry and advocacy; both are essential to negotiating day to day life. The upshot is an approach to religion and ethics in which inquiry looks much like the art history of Michael Baxandall and advocacy like the art criticism of Arthur Danto.

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  [Introduction to] Rethinking the Post-Soviet Experience: Markets, Moral Economies, and Cultural Contradictions of Post-Socialist Russia

  Jeffrey K. Hass

  Thus, one goal of this book is to challenge and expand our understandings of post-Soviet transformations by tapping theories so far underutilized (if used at all) in analyses. I will draw on various sources of data--original primary-source data as well as secondary data from various disciplines and accounts--to map out a theoretical landscape.One important goal is to rethink how to look at these data. I want to look deeper into social dynamics of institutional change.

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  [Introduction to] Leadership and Global Justice

  Douglas A. Hicks and Thad Williamson

  What does global justice look like, and how can leadership help get us there? The contributors to Leadership and Global Justice confront the conceptual and practical challenges associated with pursuing justice beyond national boundaries. Essays analyze the roles and responsibilities of institutions - states, corporations, international financial institutions, UN bodies, nongovernmental organizations - in making collaborative progress towards international justice. They explore justice in various spheres: citizenship, the marketplace, health, education, and the environment. And they provide creative and constructive moral approaches for evaluating and promoting global justice, including human rights, capabilities, and solidarity of people across boundaries.

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  [Introduction to] Executive Power in Theory and Practice

  Hugh Liebert, Gary L. McDowell, and Terry L. Price

  Since September 11, 2001, long-standing debates over the nature and proper extent of executive power have assumed a fresh urgency. What is executive power? When did it first emerge, and why? And what is the role of the executive within the American regime? In this book, eleven leading scholars of American politics and political theory address these and related questions, in essays on topics ranging from Aristotle and the Roman Republic to the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama.

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  [Introduction to] Property-Owning Democracy: Rawls and Beyond

  Martin O'Neill and Thad Williamson

  Property-Owning Democracy: Rawls and Beyond features a collection of original essays that represent the first extended treatment of political philosopher John Rawls' idea of a property-owning democracy.

  - Offers new and essential insights into Rawls's idea of "property-owning democracy"

  - Addresses the proposed political and economic institutions and policies which Rawls's theory would require

  - Considers radical alternatives to existing forms of capitalism

  - Provides a major contribution to debates among progressive policymakers and activists about the programmatic direction progressive politics should take in the near future

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  [Introduction to] Consuming Traditions: Modernity, Modernism, and the Commodified Authentic

  Elizabeth Outka

  In an unprecedented phenomenon that swept across Britain at the turn of the nineteenth century, writers, advertisers, and architects began to create and sell images of an authentic cultural realm paradoxically considered outside the marketplace. Such images were located in nostalgic pictures of an idyllic, pre-industrial past, in supposedly original objects not derived from previous traditions, and in the ideal of a purified aesthetic that might be separated from the mass market. Presenting a lively, unique study of what she terms the "commodified authentic," Elizabeth Outka explores this crucial but overlooked development in the history of modernity with a piercing look at consumer culture and the marketing of authenticity in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Britain.

  The book brings together a wide range of cultural sources, from the model towns of Bournville, Port Sunlight, and Letchworth; to the architecture of Edwin Lutyens and Selfridges department store; to work by authors such as Bernard Shaw, E. M. Forster, Henry James, D. H. Lawrence, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf.

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  [Introduction to] Le Penser de Royal Memoire

  Lidia Radi

  Le Penser de royal memoire (1518) Ce volume est une édition critique, précédée d'une étude, du Penser de royal memoire (1518), deuxième œuvre originale de Guillaume Michel, dit de Tours. Produit hors de l'entourage royal, Le Penser se présente comme une série de discours appelant le roi à soutenir une cause politique précise (la guerre contre les Turcs). L'essentiel de l'étude est une analyse rhétorique de ces discours. Ce travail contribue à l'étude de la rhétorique de la croisade au début du xvi^e siècle.
  
  Table des matières
  
  This is a critical edition of Penser de royal memoire (1518), the second original work by Guillaume Michel, known as Guillaume de Tours. Complete with scholarly essay, the book is a contribution to the study of early sixteenth-century crusade rhetoric.

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  [Introduction to] Heroes: What They Do & Why We Need Them

  Scott T. Allison and George R. Goethals

  Abraham Lincoln, Princess Diana, Rick in Casablanca--why do we perceive certain people as heroes? What qualities do we see in them? What must they do to win our admiration? In Heroes, Scott T. Allison and George R. Goethals offer a stimulating tour of the psychology of heroism, shedding light on what heroism and villainy mean to most people and why heroes--both real people and fictional characters--are so vital to our lives. The book discusses a broad range of heroes, including Eleanor Roosevelt, Walt Kowalski in Gran Torino, Senator Ted Kennedy, and explorer Ernest Shackleton, plus villains such as Shakespeare's Iago. The authors highlight the Great Eight traits of heroes (smart, strong, selfless, caring, charismatic, resilient, reliable, and inspiring) and outline the mental models that we have of how people become heroes, from the underdog who defies great odds (David vs. Goliath) to the heroes who redeem themselves or who overcome adversity. Brimming with psychological insight, Heroes provides an illuminating look at heroes--and into our own minds as well.